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I Did Not Sign Up for This: Limited Sharing in Privacy-Aware Smart Environments

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I Did Not Sign Up for This: Limited Sharing in Privacy-Aware Smart Environments

IEEE Communications Society Distinguished Lecture, sponsored by IEEE North Jersey ComSoc Chapter, Systems Council and NJIT (host).

Smart assistive environments adapt to the needs and preferences of disabled or elderly users who need help with the activities of daily living. However, the needs and requests of users vary greatly, both due to personal preferences and type of disability. As handcrafting an environment is prohibitively expensive, in recent years significant research was done in systems that use machine learning to create a predictive model of the user. Machine learning, however, typically requires large amounts of data. A stand-alone smart environment, however, only has access to the data collected from its user since it was deployed. A possible solution is to perform centralized, cloud-based learning by pooling the training data collected from multiple users. However, uploading data collected from the personal habits of elderly and disabled users create significant security and privacy concerns.

In this talk, we investigate the type of data sharing necessary for learning user models in smart environments and propose several novel considerations. We point out that data sharing is only ethical if the user derives a benefit from it. This implies that the decision to share data must be periodically revisited, it is not a commitment extending indefinitely in the future. We study the data sharing decisions made by users under several machine learning frameworks: local, cloud, and federated learning. We show that most users only benefit from data sharing for a limited interval after the deployment of the system. We also investigate machine learning techniques that predict whether the user will benefit from sharing the data before the data is shared.